Émile Gaboriau，Emile Gaboriau has been described both as the father of the detective novel and the Edgar Allan Poe of France. His fictional detective, Monsieur Lecoq, is thought to have been based on the "Mémoires" (1828-29) of François-Eugène Vidocq, a reformed petty criminal who helped establish the Police de Sûreté in Paris.